As the world becomes more interconnected, the decision of where to run AI agents—on the edge or in the cloud—has become a critical one. Both options have their merits, and in many cases, businesses face the challenge of determining which is the best fit for their needs. Each environment offers distinct advantages in terms of latency, performance, scalability, and cost.

At Vortex IQ, we’ve conducted an in-depth benchmarking study to compare the performance, cost, and efficiency of running agents on the edge versus the cloud. This blog will explore the key findings of this benchmark and provide insights into which solution is best suited for different use cases.

What is Edge vs Cloud Computing?

Before diving into the comparison, let’s first define what edge and cloud computing are and how they relate to running AI agents.

  • Edge Computing: This involves processing data closer to the data source—typically on local devices, sensors, or gateways—rather than relying on centralized cloud servers. Edge computing is ideal for applications requiring low latency, high reliability, and real-time processing.
  • Cloud Computing: In contrast, cloud computing involves running workloads on centralized data centers, providing virtually unlimited resources for processing, storage, and scalability. Cloud computing is often used for heavy processing tasks that require large-scale data handling and more substantial compute power.

When it comes to running AI agents, edge computing enables faster decision-making by reducing latency, while cloud computing offers greater scalability, storage, and processing power.

Benchmarking Setup

For our benchmarking study, we ran AI agents in both edge and cloud environments under identical conditions to measure their performance. Here are the key parameters we tested:

  1. Latency: How quickly does the agent respond to requests or actions? Latency is crucial for real-time applications, such as customer support, e-commerce recommendations, or financial transactions.
  2. Throughput: How many tasks can the agent perform per unit of time? High throughput is essential for processing large volumes of data or running agents that handle complex workflows.
  3. Scalability: How well does the system handle increased loads or complexity? We measured how easily both edge and cloud solutions could scale with increasing numbers of agents and tasks.
  4. Cost Efficiency: How does the cost compare between edge and cloud solutions, particularly for businesses operating at scale?

Reliability and Availability: What happens when connectivity issues occur? How does each environment handle failures, downtime, or disruptions?

Key Findings from the Benchmark

1. Latency: Edge Computing Wins

One of the most significant advantages of edge computing is low latency. Because the data is processed locally, there is no need for time-consuming communication between the user device and distant cloud servers. This is especially important for applications where milliseconds matter, such as:

  • Autonomous vehicles: Agents processing sensor data must respond in real time to avoid accidents.
  • Industrial IoT: Monitoring machinery and triggering maintenance actions instantly.
  • Retail: Real-time personalisation of product recommendations or discounts for customers.

Benchmark Results:

  • Edge: Response time averaged 20ms for agent decisions.
  • Cloud: Response time averaged 150ms, primarily due to the time required to send requests to and from centralized data centers.

Conclusion: Edge computing significantly reduces latency and is ideal for applications requiring real-time responses.

2. Throughput: Cloud Computing Leads

While edge computing is superior for low-latency applications, the cloud shines when it comes to high throughput. Cloud environments offer virtually unlimited computational resources, making them more suitable for heavy data processing tasks and large-scale automation.

For example, cloud computing is ideal for applications like:

  • Big Data Analysis: Processing vast amounts of data from multiple sources.
  • AI Model Training: Training machine learning models that require significant computational power.

Benchmark Results:

  • Edge: We were able to run up to 500 tasks per minute without noticeable performance degradation.
  • Cloud: With cloud-based orchestration, we achieved up to 10,000 tasks per minute with minimal delay.

Conclusion: Cloud computing is better suited for high-throughput tasks and situations that require processing large datasets or handling complex workflows.

3. Scalability: Cloud Outperforms Edge

As the demand for agent tasks increases, cloud environments shine in their ability to scale seamlessly. Cloud services can dynamically allocate resources based on demand, which makes scaling up or down virtually effortless.

In contrast, edge devices are typically limited by their hardware capacity. While edge computing can be more efficient for specific tasks, it becomes challenging to scale beyond the capacity of the local device.

Benchmark Results:

  • Edge: Performance began to degrade as we pushed beyond 1,000 tasks per minute, due to the limited resources available on the edge device.
  • Cloud: The cloud environment scaled efficiently, handling 10,000+ tasks per minute without significant performance degradation.

Conclusion: Cloud computing offers unparalleled scalability, making it ideal for large-scale operations where task volumes are unpredictable or rapidly growing.

4. Cost Efficiency: Edge Computing Wins in the Long Term

Cost is an important consideration when deciding between edge and cloud solutions. While edge computing requires an upfront investment in hardware, the ongoing costs are generally lower than cloud computing, especially when dealing with smaller volumes of data or tasks.

On the other hand, cloud computing operates on a pay-as-you-go model, which can lead to higher long-term operational costs, especially at scale.

Benchmark Results:

  • Edge: Lower ongoing costs, as the infrastructure is already set up. The main cost driver is hardware and maintenance, which are fixed costs.
  • Cloud: Costs increase with the volume of tasks processed. For high-throughput tasks, cloud costs can quickly add up.

Conclusion: Edge computing is more cost-efficient for smaller-scale operations or when processing is focused on low-latency, high-speed tasks. Cloud is more suitable for larger-scale, high-throughput applications but comes with higher operational costs.

5. Reliability and Availability: Cloud Has the Advantage

While edge computing offers independence from the internet and is resilient in cases where connectivity is poor, cloud environments have their own advantages when it comes to reliability and availability. Cloud platforms are often hosted across multiple data centers with built-in redundancies, making them more resilient in cases of failures or outages.

Benchmark Results:

  • Edge: Performance can degrade or fail entirely if there are hardware issues or if the edge device loses connectivity.
  • Cloud: Built-in failover systems and redundancy ensure high availability, even in the event of hardware or network failures.

Conclusion: For applications where uptime and availability are critical, cloud computing offers more reliability, especially for businesses with global operations.

Which Solution is Right for You?

When deciding whether to run AI agents on the edge or in the cloud, it’s important to understand your specific needs and use cases. Here’s a quick breakdown of when each solution is most appropriate:

  • Choose Edge Computing if:
    • You need low latency for real-time processing.
    • Your application operates in remote areas with poor connectivity.
    • You need to optimise for cost-efficiency and are dealing with a smaller volume of tasks.
  • Choose Cloud Computing if:
    • You need to process high throughput or large amounts of data.
    • Your system requires scalability to handle dynamic, growing workloads.
    • Reliability and availability are critical for your application.

In many cases, a hybrid approach that leverages both edge and cloud solutions might be the most effective. By running critical, low-latency tasks on the edge and leveraging the cloud for high-throughput, data-intensive operations, you can maximise both performance and cost efficiency.

Conclusion

Both edge and cloud computing have their own strengths and weaknesses when it comes to running AI agents. By benchmarking their performance in real-world scenarios, we’ve seen that edge offers unbeatable low-latency performance, while the cloud excels in scalability, throughput, and reliability.

As your business scales and automation needs grow, the key takeaway is that the architecture of your system should evolve to take advantage of the best of both worlds. By understanding the strengths of edge and cloud computing, you can make the right choice to meet your business’s unique demands.